Kennedy, father of future president John F. In January, General Electric acquired a sizable interest in Film Booking Offices of America (FBO), a distributor and small production company owned by Joseph P.
#STOP MOTION STUDIO MEDIAMUXER CREATION FAILED MOVIE#
As the leading film production companies were all preparing to sign exclusive agreements with Western Electric for their technology, RCA got into the movie business itself. The Radio Corporation of America ( RCA), led by David Sarnoff, was looking for ways to exploit the cinema sound patents, newly trademarked RCA Photophone, owned by its parent company, General Electric. The last of the "Big Five" Hollywood conglomerates of the Golden Age emerged in 1928: RKO Pictures. With the First National acquisition came not only a 135-acre (55 ha) studio and backlot but another large string of movie theaters. One month later, it purchased a controlling interest in the First National production company, more prominent than Warners itself not long before. Warner Bros., now flush with income, acquired the extensive Stanley theater chain in September 1928. Just as significant were a number of offscreen developments. The following year saw both the general introduction of sound throughout the industry and two more smashes for Warners: The Singing Fool, The Jazz Singer's even more profitable follow-up, and Hollywood's first "all-talking" feature, Lights of New York. The success of 1927's The Jazz Singer, the first feature-length " talkie" (in fact, the majority of its scenes did not have live-recorded sound) gave a big boost to the then midsized Warner Bros. The years 19 are generally seen as the beginning of Hollywood's Golden Age and the final major steps in establishing studio system control of the American film business. 5.3 Independent era and the beginning of the Second Decline.
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5.2 Syndication, television, recession, and conglomerate Hollywood.3 The end of the system and the death of RKO.2 Reign of the majors and the first decline.The eighth of the Golden Age majors, United Artists, owned a small number of theaters and had access to two production facilities owned by members of its controlling partnership group, but it functioned primarily as a backer-distributor, financing independent productions and releasing their films.Two majors- Universal Pictures and Columbia Pictures-were similarly organized, though they never owned more than small theater circuits.20th Century-Fox (later renamed 20th Century Studios).Loews Incorporated (owner of America's largest theater chain and parent company of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer).Of these eight, five were fully integrated conglomerates, combining ownership of a production studio, distribution division, and substantial theater chain, and contracting with performers and filmmaking personnel: The Golden Age is a purely technical distinction and not to be confused with the style in film criticism known as Classical Hollywood cinema, a style of American film which developed from 1917 to 1963 and characterizes it to this day.ĭuring the so-called Golden Age, eight companies constituted the major studios that promulgated the Hollywood studio system. The period stretching from the introduction of sound motion pictures to the beginning of the demise of the studio system, 1927–1948, is referred to by some film historians as the Golden Age of Hollywood. By 1954, with television competing for audience and the last of the operational links between a major production studio and theater chain broken, the historic era of the studio system was over. The studio system was challenged under the antitrust laws in a 1948 Supreme Court ruling which sought to separate production from the distribution and exhibition and ended such practices, thereby hastening the end of the studio system. It is most often used in reference to Hollywood motion picture studios during the Golden Age of Hollywood from the 1920s to 1960s, wherein studios produced films primarily on their own filmmaking lots with creative personnel under often long-term contract, and dominated exhibition through vertical integration, i.e., the ownership or effective control of distributors and exhibition, guaranteeing additional sales of films through manipulative booking techniques such as block booking. ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ī studio system is a method of filmmaking wherein the production and distribution of films is dominated by a small number of large movie studios. ( May 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Please help improve it by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style. This article is written like a personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.